We describe a measurement of the charge asymmetry of leptons from W boson decays in the rapidity range 0 < |y_l| < 2.5 using W -> e nu, mu nu events from 110 +/- 7 pb^-1 of data collected by the CDF detector during 1992-95. The asymmetry data constrain the ratio of d and u quark momentum distributions in the proton over the x range of 0.006 to 0.34 at Q^2 \approx M^2_W. The asymmetry predictions that use parton distribution functions obtained from previously published CDF data in the central rapidity region (0 < |y_l| < 1.1) do not agree with the new data in the large rapidity region (|y_l > 1.1).