We report a measurement of the ratios of the decay rates of the B^+, B^0 and B^0_s mesons into exclusive final states containing a J/psi meson. The final states were selected from 19.6 pb^-1 of ppbar collisions recorded by the Collider Detector at Fermilab. These data are interpreted to determine the b quark fragmentation fractions f_u, f_d, and f_s. We also determine the branching fractions for the decay modes B^+ -> J/psi K^+, B^+ -> J/psi K^*(892), B^0 -> J/psi K^0, B^0 -> J/psi K^*(892)^0 and B^0_s -> J/psi phi(1020). We discuss the implications of these measurements to B meson decay models.