This Letter reports on measurements of the longitudinal polarization fractions in the decays B_d -> J/psi K^*0 and B_s -> J psi phi using data collected with the Collider Detector at Fermilab. B_d mesons are reconstructed through the decay chain B_d -> J/psi K^*0, J/psi -> mu^+mu^-, K^*0 -> K^+pi^-. A sample of 65 +/- 10 B_d events is used to obtain a longitudinal polarization fraction of Gamma_L/Gamma = 0.65 +/- 0.10 (stat) +/- 0.04 (sys). B_s mesons are reconstructed through the decay chain B_s -> J/psi phi, J/psi -> mu^+mu^-, phi -> K^+K^-. A sample of 19 +/- 5 B_s events is used to obtain the result Gamma_L/Gamma = 0.56 +/- 0.21 (stat)^+0.02_ -0.04 (sys).